Overview
EN ISO 8318:2002 defines two methods for performing sinusoidal vibration tests using a variable frequency on complete, filled transport packages and unit loads. The standard is intended to assess a package or unit load in terms of strength and the protection it affords contents when subjected to vertical vibration during distribution. Tests can be run as single investigations or as part of a sequence simulating a distribution system that includes vibration hazards.
Key practical elements specified in the standard include the frequency range (3 Hz to 100 Hz), constant logarithmic sweep rate, instrumentation accuracy and conditioning requirements. The standard is applicable for manufacturers, test laboratories and packaging engineers focused on transport packaging performance and vibration resilience.
Key Topics
- Scope and purpose: Two methods for sinusoidal vibration tests to assess vertical-vibration effects on complete, filled transport packages and unit loads.
- Frequency and sweep: Variable-frequency sweep between 3 Hz and 100 Hz with a prescribed logarithmic sweep rate (see standard for the defined sweep rate and intervals).
- Methods:
- Method 1: Direct sweep between 3 Hz and 100 Hz at a predetermined sweep rate (test duration and peak acceleration are predetermined).
- Method 2: Resonance search at lower acceleration (typically 0.2 g to 0.5 g), identification of critical resonances (usually up to three), and endurance testing around the resonant frequencies (typically ±10%).
- Apparatus and instrumentation:
- Rigid vibration table sized to support the test item, maintained horizontal within 0.3°.
- Accelerometers, signal conditioners and data acquisition with system response accurate to within ±5% over the test frequency range.
- Horizontal acceleration components must not exceed 20% of the vertical component.
- Preparation and conditioning: Test items are filled and closed as for distribution. Conditioning is carried out per ISO 2233.
- Reporting: The test report must document test method, frequencies, accelerations, conditioning conditions, apparatus, restraint, superimposed loads (if any) and detailed observations.
Applications
- Evaluating packaging designs for transport vibration resilience and content protection.
- Qualification of unit loads and palletized systems for vertical vibration hazards in distribution chains.
- Comparative testing of cushioning, blocking, closure methods and reinforcement strategies.
- Supporting risk assessment and package optimization to reduce product damage and transport costs.
Related Standards
- ISO 2206 - Identification of parts when testing complete, filled transport packages.
- ISO 2233 - Conditioning for testing complete, filled transport packages and unit loads.
- ISO 2234 - Stacking tests using static load for complete, filled transport packages.
Keywords: EN ISO 8318:2002, sinusoidal vibration, variable frequency, transport packages, unit loads, vertical vibration, vibration table, resonance, packaging test report.
