ISO 16148:2016 PDF

Gas cylinders — Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders and tubes — Acoustic emission examination (AT) and follow-up ultrasonic examination (UT) for periodic inspection and testing

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Title (English):

ISO 16148:2016

Gas cylinders — Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders and tubes — Acoustic emission examination (AT) and follow-up ultrasonic examination (UT) for periodic inspection and testing

Document status:: Active
Format:: Electronic (PDF)
Number of pages:: 27
Publication date:: April 11, 2016
Edition:: ISO IS 16148 edition 2 version 1
ICS:: 23.020.30

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Description (English):

ISO 16148:2016 gives procedures for the use of acoustic emission examination (AT) and ultrasonic examination (UT) follow-up during the periodic inspection and testing of seamless steel cylinders and tubes with a water capacity of up to 3 000 l used for compressed and liquefied gases. This examination provides acoustic emission (AE) indications and locations that are evaluated by a secondary examination using UT for a possible flaw in the cylinder or tube. Methods other than UT for the secondary examination are not covered by this International Standard. ISO 16148:2016 does not cover composite cylinders. CAUTION ? Some of the tests specified in this International Standard involve the use of processes which could lead to a hazardous situation.

Technical details

Technical committee: ISO/TC 58/SC 4 - Operational requirements for gas cylinders
SKU: ISO 16148:2016

Abstract

Overview

ISO 16148:2016 specifies procedures for using acoustic emission examination (AT) with a follow-up ultrasonic examination (UT) during periodic inspection and testing of refillable seamless steel gas cylinders and tubes (water capacity up to 3 000 L) used for compressed and liquefied gases. The standard defines how acoustic emission (AE) indications are detected and located, and requires a secondary UT (shear‑wave/angle beam is the intended method) to verify and size possible flaws. Composite cylinders are excluded. Some tests involve hazardous pressurization-caution is required.

Key topics and requirements

Scope: AT + UT follow-up for seamless steel cylinders/tubes up to 3 000 L; other secondary methods are not covered.
AT Methods: Defines Method A (pneumatic pressurization to ≥110% normal filling pressure; typically for assemblies/bundles) and Method B (AT during hydrostatic proof pressurization to re‑test pressure on each cylinder).
Pressurization: Test medium may be gas or liquid; AT pressures must exceed previous maximum service pressure to avoid the Kaiser effect.
AE detection & location: Piezoelectric sensors and signal processors record AE events; at least two sensors are needed to triangulate source locations.
UT follow-up: Shear wave (angle beam) UT immediately evaluates AE‑identified locations; use of calibration rings, distance amplitude correction (DAC) curves, and standardization procedures is required.
Acceptance criteria: If UT reveals discontinuities exceeding specified depth/critical size limits (based on material, wall thickness, fatigue/fracture assessment), the cylinder/tube is removed from service.
Personnel & competence: Operators must meet ISO 9712 (or equivalent, e.g., ASNT SNT‑TC‑1A) qualifications; Level I/II operators perform tests under Level III oversight.
Equipment, calibration & safety: AT equipment specification, calibration/verification, real‑time evaluation criteria and safety precautions are covered. Some annexes provide detailed instrument settings, verification, and UT follow‑up procedures.

Applications and users

ISO 16148:2016 is used by:

NDT and inspection companies performing periodic testing of gas cylinders and tube trailers
Cylinder manufacturers and refurbishment/test facilities replacing hydraulic proof tests with AT/UT where permitted
Gas suppliers, transport operators and certification bodies ensuring cylinder integrity and regulatory compliance
Regulatory authorities and technical committees developing inspection regimes for compressed and liquefied gas containment

Keywords: ISO 16148:2016, acoustic emission (AE), AT, ultrasonic examination (UT), periodic inspection, seamless steel gas cylinders, NDT, follow‑up UT.

Related standards

Normative references include ISO 9712, ISO 5577, ISO 12716, ISO 6406, ISO/IEC 17025, EN 13477‑1/2, ASTM E1419, and ASNT SNT‑TC‑1A. These cover NDT vocabulary, personnel qualification, equipment characterization and laboratory competence.

Related standards

Standards mentioned in the description

Abstract

Overview

Key topics and requirements

Scope: AT + UT follow-up for seamless steel cylinders/tubes up to 3 000 L; other secondary methods are not covered.
AT Methods: Defines Method A (pneumatic pressurization to ≥110% normal filling pressure; typically for assemblies/bundles) and Method B (AT during hydrostatic proof pressurization to re‑test pressure on each cylinder).
Pressurization: Test medium may be gas or liquid; AT pressures must exceed previous maximum service pressure to avoid the Kaiser effect.
AE detection & location: Piezoelectric sensors and signal processors record AE events; at least two sensors are needed to triangulate source locations.
UT follow-up: Shear wave (angle beam) UT immediately evaluates AE‑identified locations; use of calibration rings, distance amplitude correction (DAC) curves, and standardization procedures is required.
Acceptance criteria: If UT reveals discontinuities exceeding specified depth/critical size limits (based on material, wall thickness, fatigue/fracture assessment), the cylinder/tube is removed from service.
Personnel & competence: Operators must meet ISO 9712 (or equivalent, e.g., ASNT SNT‑TC‑1A) qualifications; Level I/II operators perform tests under Level III oversight.
Equipment, calibration & safety: AT equipment specification, calibration/verification, real‑time evaluation criteria and safety precautions are covered. Some annexes provide detailed instrument settings, verification, and UT follow‑up procedures.

Applications and users

ISO 16148:2016 is used by:

NDT and inspection companies performing periodic testing of gas cylinders and tube trailers
Cylinder manufacturers and refurbishment/test facilities replacing hydraulic proof tests with AT/UT where permitted
Gas suppliers, transport operators and certification bodies ensuring cylinder integrity and regulatory compliance
Regulatory authorities and technical committees developing inspection regimes for compressed and liquefied gas containment

Keywords: ISO 16148:2016, acoustic emission (AE), AT, ultrasonic examination (UT), periodic inspection, seamless steel gas cylinders, NDT, follow‑up UT.

ISO 16148:2016 PDF

Technical details

Abstract

Overview

Key topics and requirements

Applications and users

Related standards

Related standards

Abstract

Overview

Key topics and requirements

Applications and users

Related standards

Related standards

Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of NDT personnel (ISO 9712:2022)

Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Vocabulary (ISO 5577:2025)

Non-destructive testing - Acoustic emission testing - Vocabulary (ISO 12716:2026)

Periodic inspection and testing of seamless steel gas cylinders

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