Overview
ISO 16936-2:2005 - "Glass in building - Forced-entry security glazing - Part 2" defines a mechanical test and classification method for security glazing exposed to repetitive impact by a hammer and an axe at room temperature. The standard assesses how glazing products delay manual forced entry by resisting repeated blunt and cutting impacts and assigns products to resistance categories (e.g., P1B, P2B, P3B). It addresses mechanical resistance to manual attack only and does not allocate categories to specific applications - classification must be specified for each installation.
Key topics and requirements
- Scope: Test method for forced‑entry security glazing against repetitive manual impacts at room temperature (18 ± 5 °C).
- Sampling: Three test pieces per category (recommend submitting at least one extra). Typical test-piece size specified and pre‑conditioning at ~18 °C for ≥2 h.
- Test objective: Produce a square opening (400 ± 10 mm side) centered on the sample using the minimum combined number of hammer and axe strikes.
- Apparatus and tools:
- Axe head: mass ~2.0 ± 0.1 kg; hardened blade; blade hardness 51–56 HRC; specified geometry and re‑sharpening rules.
- Hammer head: simulates blunt axe edge; mass ~2.0 ± 0.1 kg; hardness 46–50 HRC.
- Handle: high‑density polyethylene with specified dimensions and density.
- Rigid clamping frame with rubber strips and specified edge pressure to support test pieces.
- Impact parameters:
- Hammer impact velocity ~12.5 ± 0.3 m/s; axe ~11.0 ± 0.3 m/s; impact energy ~350 ± 15 Nm.
- Classification bands defined by total number of strikes (e.g., P1B = 30–50 strikes, P2B = 51–70, P3B = >70).
- Procedure details: Sequence of hammer strikes to break plies around the perimeter, followed by cutting strikes with the axe; impact velocity measurement is required.
Applications and users
ISO 16936-2:2005 is used to:
- Demonstrate comparative forced‑entry resistance of glazing systems (security glazing, anti‑vandal, detention glazing).
- Support product selection and specification for security glazing, doors, windows, and façade elements where resistance to manual attack is required.
- Guide testing laboratories, manufacturers, façade engineers, architects, security consultants, building owners and procurement authorities in verifying performance claims.
Practical benefits include objective classification, repeatable test procedures, and clear criteria for acceptance.
Related standards
- ISO 16936 series (Glass in building - Forced‑entry security glazing):
- Part 1: repetitive ball drop test
- Part 3: manual attack test
- Part 4: pendulum impact under thermal/fire stress
- Referenced ISO test methods for hardness (e.g., ISO 6508‑1, ISO 48) used in tool and material verification.
Keywords: ISO 16936-2:2005, forced-entry security glazing, hammer and axe test, repetitive impact, security glazing classification, glass in building, manual attack test.
Open preview (PDF)Glass in building — Forced-entry security glazing — Part 2: Test and classification by repetitive impact of a hammer and axe at room temperature