Overview
ISO 18922:2003 sets forth internationally recognized methods for determining the scratch resistance of processed photographic films. Developed by ISO Technical Committee 42 (Photography), this standard is applicable to dry, processed photographic film and serves as an essential quality metric for imaging materials used in a wide spectrum of archival, commercial, and scientific applications.
The document specifies two test methods-Method A and Method B-designed to evaluate scratch resistance on both the emulsion and base sides of photographic films. These standardized laboratory procedures enable manufacturers, users, and archivists to consistently assess film durability, a critical factor in ensuring image stability and long-term preservation of photographic records.
Key Topics
- Scratch resistance evaluation: The standard outlines empirical laboratory methods to assess the scratch resistance of processed photographic films under controlled conditions.
- Two primary test methods:
- Method A: Determines the minimum load required to produce a visible scratch. It uses simpler equipment and less stringent specimen requirements, making it suitable for routine testing.
- Method B: Measures haze generated by stylus-induced scratches at multiple load levels. This method gives a more comprehensive assessment of scratch characteristics and is the preferred approach.
- Testing on both film sides: Procedures are applicable to both emulsion and base sides of photographic film, addressing the needs of various machine types and handling scenarios.
- Influencing factors: Recognizes the effects of relative humidity, processing conditions, and surface lubrication on scratch resistance measurements.
- Inter-laboratory considerations: Results are best suited for comparative assessments within a single laboratory due to subjectivity and stylus variability.
Applications
ISO 18922:2003 is widely relevant to industries and organizations invested in the production and longevity of imaging materials. Key application areas include:
- Film manufacturing and quality control: Enables manufacturers of photographic films to benchmark durability and make informed formulation or process improvements.
- Archival and cultural heritage institutions: Assists conservators and archivists in selecting and preserving films with optimal scratch resistance, directly influencing the survival and usability of historic photographic records.
- Equipment and system design: Supports designers and engineers of film-handling equipment in selecting materials and treatments that reduce wear, especially in high-use or archival environments.
- Research and development: Facilitates materials scientists in comparing scratch resistance of new coatings, treatments, or film types under standardized conditions.
Utilizing ISO 18922 enhances reliability and comparability across film types, treatments, and processing methods, ultimately contributing to improved product performance and reduced risk of image loss due to abrasion.
Related Standards
ISO 18922 is part of a comprehensive suite of ISO standards dedicated to the stability and physical properties of imaging materials. Related and complementary standards include:
- ISO 18904: Method for determining lubrication of processed films-important for understanding factors that affect scratch resistance.
- ISO 18914: Evaluation of photographic emulsion resistance to wet abrasion.
- ISO 18901: Processed black-and-white film-specifications for stability.
- ANSI/ASTM D1003: Test method for haze and luminous transmittance of transparent plastics, referenced in Method B of ISO 18922.
By integrating ISO 18922:2003 into your imaging materials workflow, you ensure compliance with internationally accepted scratch resistance testing practices, supporting both the longevity and quality of photographic archives and commercial reproductions.
Open preview (PDF)Imaging materials — Processed photographic films — Methods for determining scratch resistance
