ISO 24617-14:2023 PDF

Language resource management — Semantic annotation framework (SemAF) — Part 14: Spatial semantics

First page of standard ISO 24617-14:2023

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Title (English):

ISO 24617-14:2023

Language resource management — Semantic annotation framework (SemAF) — Part 14: Spatial semantics

Document status:: Active
Format:: Electronic (PDF)
Number of pages:: 19
Publication date:: June 26, 2023
Edition:: ISO IS 24617 edition 1 version 1
ICS:: 01.020

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Description (English):

This document extends ISO 24617-7:2020, which specifies ways of annotating spatial information in natural language such as English, by establishing a formal semantics for its abstract syntax. The task of the proposed semantics is of two kinds: a) translation of annotation structures to semantic forms; b) model-theoretic interpretation of semantic forms. Semantic forms are represented in a type-theoretic first-order logic. These semantic forms are then interpreted with respect to a model for part of the world to which an annotated language is referentially, or denotationally, anchored. NOTE The basic framework and content of this document is based on Reference [1].

Technical details

Technical committee: ISO/TC 37/SC 4 - Language resource management
SKU: ISO 24617-14:2023

Abstract

Overview

ISO 24617-14:2023 - Language resource management - Semantic annotation framework (SemAF) - Part 14: Spatial semantics specifies a formal, model-theoretic semantics for spatial annotation structures defined in ISO 24617-7:2020 (isoSpace). The standard defines how to translate spatial annotation structures in natural language into semantic forms expressed in a type-theoretic first-order logic, and how to interpret those forms with respect to a model M that anchors language to portions of the world (denotational/reference grounding).

Keywords: ISO 24617-14, SemAF, spatial semantics, isoSpace, semantic annotation, spatial information, model-theoretic semantics.

Key technical topics and requirements

Scope & Purpose
- Extends ISO 24617-7 by providing a formal semantics for its abstract syntax.
- Two main tasks: (a) translation of annotation structures to semantic forms; (b) model-theoretic interpretation of those semantic forms.
Metamodel
- Covers six core categories for spatial markup: spatial entities (places, paths, event-paths), spatial relators (signals), spatial measures, events & motions, static spatial relations (configurational/orientational/metric), and dynamic spatial relations (motions and event-paths).
Semantic types
- Defines an extended set of basic types used in the semantic representation: t (truth values), e (entities), i (time points), p (spatial points), v (events), m (measures), int (intervals), vec (vectors).
- Introduces group operator (•) and functional/subtyping constructors (→, ⨉, ⊑) to form derived types (e.g., v → t for eventuality descriptors, int → p for static paths).
Semantic forms & model theory
- Semantic forms (logical forms) are produced from annotation structures and are interpretable under a model-theoretic semantics.
- Interpretation function ⟦σ(a)⟧ maps a semantic form σ(a) to its denotation in model M.
- Supports neo-Davidsonian-style representations for events and agent relations.

Practical applications

Computational linguistics and NLP: consistent semantic annotation for corpora that include spatial expressions.
AI & reasoning: enables spatio-temporal inference, question answering, and semantic parsing involving location, motion, and spatial relations.
GIS, robotics, autonomous systems: grounding natural-language spatial instructions into formal models for navigation and planning.
Language resource development: interoperable annotation formats for multilingual spatial corpora and toolchains.

Who should use this standard

NLP researchers and semanticists
Corpus annotators and language engineers
AI and robotics developers working with spatial language
Tool and platform developers for annotation, semantic parsing, and spatio-temporal reasoning
Standards bodies and ontology engineers concerned with interoperability of spatial data

Related standards

ISO 24617-7:2020 (Spatial information / isoSpace) - abstract syntax and annotation scheme that ISO 24617-14 formally interprets.
Other parts of the ISO 24617 (SemAF) series for complementary semantic annotation tasks.

Related standards

Standards mentioned in the description

Abstract

Overview

Keywords: ISO 24617-14, SemAF, spatial semantics, isoSpace, semantic annotation, spatial information, model-theoretic semantics.

Key technical topics and requirements

Scope & Purpose
- Extends ISO 24617-7 by providing a formal semantics for its abstract syntax.
- Two main tasks: (a) translation of annotation structures to semantic forms; (b) model-theoretic interpretation of those semantic forms.
Metamodel
- Covers six core categories for spatial markup: spatial entities (places, paths, event-paths), spatial relators (signals), spatial measures, events & motions, static spatial relations (configurational/orientational/metric), and dynamic spatial relations (motions and event-paths).
Semantic types
- Defines an extended set of basic types used in the semantic representation: t (truth values), e (entities), i (time points), p (spatial points), v (events), m (measures), int (intervals), vec (vectors).
- Introduces group operator (•) and functional/subtyping constructors (→, ⨉, ⊑) to form derived types (e.g., v → t for eventuality descriptors, int → p for static paths).
Semantic forms & model theory
- Semantic forms (logical forms) are produced from annotation structures and are interpretable under a model-theoretic semantics.
- Interpretation function ⟦σ(a)⟧ maps a semantic form σ(a) to its denotation in model M.
- Supports neo-Davidsonian-style representations for events and agent relations.

Practical applications

Computational linguistics and NLP: consistent semantic annotation for corpora that include spatial expressions.
AI & reasoning: enables spatio-temporal inference, question answering, and semantic parsing involving location, motion, and spatial relations.
GIS, robotics, autonomous systems: grounding natural-language spatial instructions into formal models for navigation and planning.
Language resource development: interoperable annotation formats for multilingual spatial corpora and toolchains.

Who should use this standard

NLP researchers and semanticists
Corpus annotators and language engineers
AI and robotics developers working with spatial language
Tool and platform developers for annotation, semantic parsing, and spatio-temporal reasoning
Standards bodies and ontology engineers concerned with interoperability of spatial data

Related standards

ISO 24617-7:2020 (Spatial information / isoSpace) - abstract syntax and annotation scheme that ISO 24617-14 formally interprets.
Other parts of the ISO 24617 (SemAF) series for complementary semantic annotation tasks.

ISO 24617-14:2023 PDF

Technical details

Abstract

Overview

Key technical topics and requirements

Practical applications

Who should use this standard

Related standards

Related standards

Abstract

Overview

Key technical topics and requirements

Practical applications

Who should use this standard

Related standards

Related standards

Language resource management — Semantic annotation framework — Part 7: Spatial information

Language resource management - Semantic annotation framework (SemAF) - Part 14: Spatial semantics

Language resource management -- Semantic annotation framework -- Part 7: Spatial information

Language resource management - Semantic annotation framework (SemAF) - Part 12: Quantification