ISO 27448:2009 PDF

Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Test method for self-cleaning performance of semiconducting photocatalytic materials — Measurement of water contact angle

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Title (English):

ISO 27448:2009

Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Test method for self-cleaning performance of semiconducting photocatalytic materials — Measurement of water contact angle

Document status:: Active
Format:: Electronic (PDF)
Number of pages:: 9
Publication date:: July 2, 2009
Edition:: ISO IS 27448 edition 1 version 1
ICS:: 81.060.30

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Description (English):

ISO 27448:2009 deals with fine ceramics. ISO 27448:2009 specifies a test method for the determination of the self-cleaning performance of materials that contain a photocatalyst or have photocatalytic films on the surface, and which are usually made from semiconducting metal oxides such as titanium dioxide. This method is used to measure the water contact angle under illumination with ultraviolet light, which is one of the indices influencing the self-cleaning performance of photocatalytic materials. ISO 27448:2009 does not include water-permeable substrates, rough surfaces which do not have exposed water droplets, highly hydrophobic, powder or granular materials, or visible light-sensitive photocatalysts.

Technical details

Technical committee: ISO/TC 206 - Fine ceramics
SKU: ISO 27448:2009

Abstract

Overview

ISO 27448:2009 specifies a standardized test method to evaluate the self-cleaning performance of semiconducting photocatalytic materials by measuring the water contact angle under ultraviolet (UV) illumination. Targeted at fine ceramics and common photocatalytic coatings (typically metal-oxide semiconductors such as titanium dioxide, TiO2), the method quantifies photo-induced hydrophilicity - one key index correlated with self-cleaning behavior. The standard excludes water-permeable substrates, very rough or highly hydrophobic surfaces, powders/granular materials, and visible-light-sensitive photocatalysts.

Key Topics and Requirements

Principle: Apply an organic contaminant (oleic acid) to a test piece, irradiate with a controlled UV source, and monitor reduction in water contact angle as photocatalytic decomposition and hydrophilicity develop.
Test pieces: Standard-size flat specimens (recommended 100 mm ± 2 mm square), prepared in quintuplicate for reproducibility.
Pretreatment: Remove organics by UV (2.0 mW/cm²) then apply oleic acid either manually (2.0 mg ± 0.2 mg per 100 cm²) or by dipping (0.5% oleic acid in n‑heptane, lift 60 cm/min, dry 70 °C for 15 min).
UV source and intensity: Use a BLB (black light blue) fluorescent lamp (peak ≈351 nm). Irradiation intensity is measured with a calibrated radiometer and adjusted to specified values (e.g., (2.0 ± 0.1) mW/cm² or (1.0 ± 0.1) mW/cm² depending on pretreatment).
Contact angle measurement: Use a contact angle meter (0–180°, readout accuracy 0.1°) to record initial angle at five points, then at intervals during UV exposure. Final contact angle is computed from three consecutive measurements when coefficient of variation ≤ 10% (or when angle ≤ 5°).
Environmental conditions: Laboratory temperature recommended 23 °C ± 5 °C and relative humidity 40–70%.
Reporting: Include test conditions, specimen description, lamp and instrument details, pretreatment and irradiation times, and initial/final contact angles.

Applications and Users

ISO 27448:2009 is practical for:

Manufacturers of photocatalytic ceramics, glass, tiles, concrete, coatings and building materials - for product development and quality assurance.
Independent testing laboratories validating self-cleaning claims.
R&D teams optimizing photocatalyst formulations (e.g., TiO2 coatings) and UV-activated surface treatments.
Specifiers, architects, and regulators assessing performance metrics for façade, glazing, and exterior materials.

Keywords: ISO 27448, self-cleaning performance, photocatalytic materials, water contact angle, photocatalyst, titanium dioxide, UV irradiation, contact angle measurement, hydrophilicity.

Related Standards

ISO 3534-1: Statistics - vocabulary and symbols (used for variability calculations).
ISO 80000-1: Quantities and units (rounding and units).
ISO 4892-3: Guidance on fluorescent UV lamps (BLB lamp reference).

Related standards

Standards mentioned in the description

Abstract

Overview

Key Topics and Requirements

Principle: Apply an organic contaminant (oleic acid) to a test piece, irradiate with a controlled UV source, and monitor reduction in water contact angle as photocatalytic decomposition and hydrophilicity develop.
Test pieces: Standard-size flat specimens (recommended 100 mm ± 2 mm square), prepared in quintuplicate for reproducibility.
Pretreatment: Remove organics by UV (2.0 mW/cm²) then apply oleic acid either manually (2.0 mg ± 0.2 mg per 100 cm²) or by dipping (0.5% oleic acid in n‑heptane, lift 60 cm/min, dry 70 °C for 15 min).
UV source and intensity: Use a BLB (black light blue) fluorescent lamp (peak ≈351 nm). Irradiation intensity is measured with a calibrated radiometer and adjusted to specified values (e.g., (2.0 ± 0.1) mW/cm² or (1.0 ± 0.1) mW/cm² depending on pretreatment).
Contact angle measurement: Use a contact angle meter (0–180°, readout accuracy 0.1°) to record initial angle at five points, then at intervals during UV exposure. Final contact angle is computed from three consecutive measurements when coefficient of variation ≤ 10% (or when angle ≤ 5°).
Environmental conditions: Laboratory temperature recommended 23 °C ± 5 °C and relative humidity 40–70%.
Reporting: Include test conditions, specimen description, lamp and instrument details, pretreatment and irradiation times, and initial/final contact angles.

Applications and Users

ISO 27448:2009 is practical for:

Manufacturers of photocatalytic ceramics, glass, tiles, concrete, coatings and building materials - for product development and quality assurance.
Independent testing laboratories validating self-cleaning claims.
R&D teams optimizing photocatalyst formulations (e.g., TiO2 coatings) and UV-activated surface treatments.
Specifiers, architects, and regulators assessing performance metrics for façade, glazing, and exterior materials.

Keywords: ISO 27448, self-cleaning performance, photocatalytic materials, water contact angle, photocatalyst, titanium dioxide, UV irradiation, contact angle measurement, hydrophilicity.

Related Standards

ISO 3534-1: Statistics - vocabulary and symbols (used for variability calculations).
ISO 80000-1: Quantities and units (rounding and units).
ISO 4892-3: Guidance on fluorescent UV lamps (BLB lamp reference).

ISO 27448:2009 PDF

Technical details

Abstract

Overview

Key Topics and Requirements

Applications and Users

Related Standards

Related standards

Abstract

Overview

Key Topics and Requirements

Applications and Users

Related Standards

Related standards

Statistics - Vocabulary and symbols - Part 1: General statistical terms and terms used in probability

Quantities and units - Part 11: Characteristic numbers - Amendment 1 (ISO 80000-11:2019/Amd 1:2025)

Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps (ISO 4892-3:2024)