ISO/TS 20048-1:2020 PDF

Solid biofuels — Determination of off-gassing and oxygen depletion characteristics — Part 1: Laboratory method for the determination of off-gassing and oxygen depletion using closed containers

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Title (English):

ISO/TS 20048-1:2020

Solid biofuels — Determination of off-gassing and oxygen depletion characteristics — Part 1: Laboratory method for the determination of off-gassing and oxygen depletion using closed containers

Document status:: Active
Format:: Electronic (PDF)
Number of pages:: 20
Publication date:: March 31, 2020
Edition:: ISO TS 20048 edition 1 version 1
ICS:: 27.190

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Description (English):

This document defines a method for determination of off-gassing (permanent gases) and oxygen depletion from woody as well as non-woody biomass, including densified materials such as pellets and briquettes, as well as non-densified materials such as chips. The method is also applicable for thermally treated materials, including torrefied and carbonized materials. The emission and depletion factor and emission and depletion rate for various gas species emitted from sample within a closed test container is determined by means of gas chromatography. The emission and depletion factor and emission and depletion rate provide guidance for ventilation requirements to keep gas concentrations below Permissible Exposure Levels (PEL) in spaces where workers can be exposed to the enclosed atmosphere.

Technical details

Technical committee: ISO/TC 238 - Solid biofuels
SKU: ISO/TS 20048-1:2020

Abstract

Overview

ISO/TS 20048-1:2020 specifies a laboratory method for measuring off-gassing (permanent gases) and oxygen depletion from solid biofuels in closed containers. The technical specification applies to woody and non‑woody biomass - including pellets, briquettes, chips, torrefied and carbonized materials - and uses gas chromatography (GC) to quantify gas species. Results are reported as emission and depletion factors and rates (g/kg and g/kg·day) and are intended to guide ventilation strategies to keep concentrations below Permissible Exposure Levels (PEL).

Key Topics and Requirements

Scope: Laboratory determination of permanent gas emissions and oxygen consumption from densified and non‑densified solid biofuels.
Measurement principle: Sealed test containers with controlled headspace (typically 25% of container volume) are incubated at controlled temperatures (examples: 20 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C). Gas samples are withdrawn via a septum and analyzed by GC.
Output metrics: Emission factor, depletion factor, emission rate and depletion rate per gas species.
Apparatus & sampling: Preferably glass containers, PTFE/neoprene seals, gas‑tight GC syringes, temperature‑controlled ovens and calibrated GC analyzers.
Data use: Conversion of GC volume fractions (ppmv) to mass-based factors and estimation of required air exchanges for ventilated spaces (Annex B).
Quality controls: Requirements for sample preparation, container filling (75% load typical), void fraction/porosity determination and GC quantification procedures (Annex A).

Applications and Users

Who benefits from ISO/TS 20048-1:2020:

Testing laboratories performing standardized off‑gassing assays for solid biofuels.
Fuel producers and pellet manufacturers assessing product storage safety and quality.
Storage and logistics operators (silos, bulk storage) for risk assessment of enclosed atmospheres.
Occupational hygienists and safety officers estimating ventilation to control exposures to carbon monoxide (CO) and other off‑gassing species and to mitigate oxygen depletion risks.
Regulators and risk assessors establishing handling and storage guidance tied to PELs and explosion/toxicity prevention.

Practical uses include comparing biomass types, evaluating the impact of thermal treatment (torrefaction/carbonization), and deriving ventilation rates to prevent toxic or asphyxiating atmospheres.

Related Standards

ISO/TS 20048-1 references and complements other solid biofuel standards such as:

ISO 16559 (terminology)
ISO 18135 (sampling)
ISO 14780 (sample preparation)
ISO 18134‑1/2, ISO 17828, ISO 17827‑2, ISO 18846, ISO 18847

Keywords: ISO/TS 20048-1:2020, solid biofuels, off-gassing, oxygen depletion, gas chromatography, pellets, briquettes, emission factor, depletion rate, ventilation, PEL.

Related standards

Standards mentioned in the description

Abstract

Overview

Key Topics and Requirements

Scope: Laboratory determination of permanent gas emissions and oxygen consumption from densified and non‑densified solid biofuels.
Measurement principle: Sealed test containers with controlled headspace (typically 25% of container volume) are incubated at controlled temperatures (examples: 20 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C). Gas samples are withdrawn via a septum and analyzed by GC.
Output metrics: Emission factor, depletion factor, emission rate and depletion rate per gas species.
Apparatus & sampling: Preferably glass containers, PTFE/neoprene seals, gas‑tight GC syringes, temperature‑controlled ovens and calibrated GC analyzers.
Data use: Conversion of GC volume fractions (ppmv) to mass-based factors and estimation of required air exchanges for ventilated spaces (Annex B).
Quality controls: Requirements for sample preparation, container filling (75% load typical), void fraction/porosity determination and GC quantification procedures (Annex A).

Applications and Users

Who benefits from ISO/TS 20048-1:2020:

Testing laboratories performing standardized off‑gassing assays for solid biofuels.
Fuel producers and pellet manufacturers assessing product storage safety and quality.
Storage and logistics operators (silos, bulk storage) for risk assessment of enclosed atmospheres.
Occupational hygienists and safety officers estimating ventilation to control exposures to carbon monoxide (CO) and other off‑gassing species and to mitigate oxygen depletion risks.
Regulators and risk assessors establishing handling and storage guidance tied to PELs and explosion/toxicity prevention.

Practical uses include comparing biomass types, evaluating the impact of thermal treatment (torrefaction/carbonization), and deriving ventilation rates to prevent toxic or asphyxiating atmospheres.

Related Standards

ISO/TS 20048-1 references and complements other solid biofuel standards such as:

ISO 16559 (terminology)
ISO 18135 (sampling)
ISO 14780 (sample preparation)
ISO 18134‑1/2, ISO 17828, ISO 17827‑2, ISO 18846, ISO 18847

Keywords: ISO/TS 20048-1:2020, solid biofuels, off-gassing, oxygen depletion, gas chromatography, pellets, briquettes, emission factor, depletion rate, ventilation, PEL.

ISO/TS 20048-1:2020 PDF

Technical details

Abstract

Overview

Key Topics and Requirements

Applications and Users

Related Standards

Related standards

Abstract

Overview

Key Topics and Requirements

Applications and Users

Related Standards

Related standards

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