Overview
ISO 18117:2009 - Surface chemical analysis - Handling of specimens prior to analysis provides guidance for the safe, clean and traceable handling, packaging and transfer of specimens submitted for surface-sensitive chemical analysis. It is aimed at users of surface analysis services and surface analysts working with techniques such as Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), secondary‑ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and X‑ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS / ESCA). The protocols can also apply to other surface‑sensitive methods (for example TXRF) where surface contamination and handling influence results.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Specimen cleanliness classes - Specimens are grouped by sensitivity (e.g., reactive surfaces, organic films, contamination layers, depth‑profile targets). Increasing care is required for analyses targeting the outermost monolayer.
- General handling rules - Never allow the area to be analysed to contact bare hands; minimize contact with handling tools; avoid contact with solvents, compressed air, tape, cloths, packing materials or container walls when surface integrity is required.
- Containers and packing - Transport specimens in containers that do not directly contact the surface of interest. ISO 18117 describes suitable container types and notes small details (for example: use fresh PTFE tape where recommended).
- Storage and transfer - Guidance on storage time, container selection, temperature and humidity considerations to minimise adsorption and contamination prior to analysis.
- Specimen history and documentation - Provide specimen history, previous analyses, handling history and hazard data sheets. Clause structure highlights the need to supply information to the analyst to aid correct interpretation.
- When to consult the analyst - The standard recommends early consultation between specimen owner and analyst to define sample selection, cutting, handling and any special precautions.
- Education and training - Emphasis on educating specimen owners and submitters about proper handling to improve analytical outcomes.
Practical applications and users
Who uses ISO 18117:2009:
- Surface analysis laboratories (AES, XPS, SIMS, TXRF)
- Materials scientists and researchers
- Semiconductor, coatings and thin‑film engineers
- Failure analysis and quality assurance teams
- Biomedical materials and biomaterial testing groups
- Industrial customers submitting samples for surface chemical analysis
Practical benefits:
- Improved reliability and reproducibility of surface composition data
- Reduced risk of contamination‑induced misinterpretation
- Clear submission requirements for labs and clients, saving time and cost
Related standards
- ISO 18115 - Surface chemical analysis: Vocabulary
- ISO 18116 - Guidance for specimen preparation and mounting for surface analysis
- ASTM E1829 (origin of guidance) - Standard Guide for Handling Specimens Prior to Surface Analysis
ISO 18117:2009 is an essential reference for anyone preparing or submitting samples for surface chemical analysis, focusing on contamination control, appropriate containers, storage, documentation and communication with the analyst to ensure accurate surface‑sensitive measurements.
