Overview
ISO 1893:2007 specifies a standardized test method-differential method with rising temperature-for determining the refractoriness under load of shaped refractory products. It covers the measurement of deformation (subsidence) of dense and insulating cylindrical refractory specimens subjected to a constant compressive load while the temperature is progressively increased (test up to 1 700 °C).
Key topics and technical requirements
- Test principle: a cylindrical test piece is loaded and heated; deformation is recorded versus temperature and corrected for measuring-tube expansion.
- Test piece: cylinder 50 mm ± 0.5 mm diameter and 50 mm ± 0.5 mm height, with a central hole 12–13 mm diameter.
- Applied stress:
- Dense shaped products: 0.20 MPa (±2%)
- Shaped insulating products: 0.05 MPa (±2%)
- Heating rate: control thermocouple must indicate 4.5–5.5 °C/min (dense products may use up to 10 °C/min up to 500 °C).
- Maximum limits: stop at 1 700 °C or when subsidence exceeds 5% of initial height.
- Apparatus: vertical furnace, loading device with fixed and moving columns, two refractory discs (with possible Pt/Pt‑Rh foil barrier), inner and outer alumina tubes forming the dilatometer, and a measuring instrument (sensitivity ≥ 0.005 mm).
- Temperature measurement: central and control thermocouples (platinum or platinum‑rhodium) complying with IEC 60584‑1/‑2.
- Corrections & calculations: plot percent height change vs temperature, apply correction for linear expansion of the inner alumina tube (manufacturer data or measured coefficient), and determine temperatures corresponding to specified deformations.
- Reference documents: ISO 3599 (callipers) and IEC 60584‑1/‑2 (thermocouples).
Applications and users
ISO 1893:2007 is used for:
- Quality control and acceptance testing of shaped refractories.
- Comparative product ranking and specification compliance (refractoriness under load).
- R&D and material selection for high‑temperature linings.
- Failure analysis and performance benchmarking in industries such as steel, cement, glass, non‑ferrous metallurgy, petrochemical and kiln/furnace manufacturing.
Typical users:
- Refractory manufacturers and QC laboratories
- Materials testing laboratories
- Process engineers and furnace designers
- Specifiers and procurement engineers evaluating refractory performance
Related standards
- ISO 3599 - Vernier callipers reading to 0,1 and 0,05 mm
- IEC 60584‑1 and IEC 60584‑2 - Thermocouples: reference tables and tolerances
Keywords: ISO 1893:2007, refractoriness under load, refractory products testing, differential method, rising temperature, dilatometer, thermocouple, alumina tubes, refractory quality control.
Open preview (PDF)Refractory products — Determination of refractoriness under load — Differential method with rising temperature
