Overview
ISO 3002-1:1982 - "Basic quantities in cutting and grinding - Part 1: Geometry of the active part of cutting tools" establishes a consistent nomenclature and geometric framework for the functional parts of cutting tools. This second edition (1982) cancels and replaces ISO 3002-1:1977 and incorporates Addendum 1 and Amendment 1. The standard defines general terms for workpiece surfaces, tool elements, tool surfaces, cutting edges, tool/workpiece motions and the reference systems of planes used to specify tool and working angles and chip breakers. Official text is in English, French and Russian, with equivalent terms provided in German, Italian and Dutch.
Key topics
- Nomenclature for cutting-tool geometry
- Definitions for work surface, transient surface, machined surface.
- Tool elements: body, shank, tool axis, cutting part, base, wedge.
- Tool surfaces: face, flank, reduced face, lands, profiles.
- Cutting-edge terminology
- Major and minor cutting edges (tool and working variants), active cutting edge, corner types (rounded, chamfered), interrupted edges.
- Dimensions such as corner radius, chamfer length, land width, reduced-face width - measured in specified reference planes.
- Reference systems of planes
- Two principal systems: tool‑in‑hand (for manufacturing and measurement) and tool‑in‑use (for defining effective geometry during cutting).
- Cutting-edge normal plane and tool reference plane used to define profiles and dimensional measurement.
- Tool and working angles
- Systematic definitions and sign conventions for tool angles and working angles, and a summary of these angles across the cutting edge.
- Chipbreaker definitions
- Terms for integral or attached chip-control features and their location on the face (see Clause 7).
- Multilingual Annex
- Lists equivalent terms in several languages to support international use.
Applications and users
ISO 3002-1:1982 is intended as a foundational reference for:
- Tool designers and manufacturers specifying geometry and tolerances.
- Machining and manufacturing engineers (turning, milling, drilling) for process setup and tool selection.
- Toolmakers, tool-room technicians and sharpening specialists for standardized measurement and resharpening.
- CAD/CAM developers and metrology labs for consistent modeling and inspection.
- Standards committees, technical documentation authors and educators working in cutting and grinding technologies.
Related standards
- ISO 3002-2: Part 2 provides conversion formulae to relate tool and working angles.
- Developed under ISO/TC 29 (Small tools) - consult committee publications for related part-specific standards.
Keywords: ISO 3002-1:1982, cutting tool geometry, tool and working angles, chip breakers, cutting and grinding, tool-in-hand, tool-in-use, cutting-edge terminology.
Open preview (PDF)Basic quantities in cutting and grinding — Part 1: Geometry of the active part of cutting tools — General terms, reference systems, tool and working angles, chip breakers
