ISO 8178-4:2020 PDF

Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Exhaust emission measurement — Part 4: Steady-state and transient test cycles for different engine applications

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Title (English):

ISO 8178-4:2020

Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Exhaust emission measurement — Part 4: Steady-state and transient test cycles for different engine applications

Document status:: Active
Format:: Electronic (PDF)
Number of pages:: 240
Publication date:: June 24, 2020
Edition:: ISO IS 8178 edition 4 version 1
ICS:: 13.040.50

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Description (English):

This document specifies the test cycles, the test procedures and the evaluation of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines coupled to a dynamometer. With certain restrictions, this document can also be used for measurements at site. The tests are carried out under steady-state and transient operation using test cycles which are representative of given applications. This document is applicable to RIC engines for mobile, transportable and stationary use, excluding engines for on-road transport of passengers and goods. It can be applied to engines for non-road use, e.g. for earth-moving machines, generating sets and for other applications. For engines used in machinery covered by additional requirements (e.g. occupational health and safety regulations, regulations for power plants), additional test conditions and special evaluation methods can apply.

Technical details

Technical committee: ISO/TC 70/SC 8 - Exhaust gas emission measurement
SKU: ISO 8178-4:2020

Abstract

Overview

ISO 8178-4:2020 defines procedures for measuring gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines coupled to a dynamometer. The standard covers both steady‑state and transient test cycles that are representative of different engine applications. It applies to mobile, transportable and stationary RIC engines (excluding on‑road passenger and goods vehicles) and can, with restrictions, be used for on‑site measurements. ISO 8178-4 is part of the broader ISO 8178 series on engine emission measurement.

Key topics and technical requirements

Test cycles and mapping
- Specification of steady‑state cycles (discrete mode, ramped‑modal) and transient cycles (including the Non‑Road Transient Cycle, NRTC, and LSI‑NRTC).
- Engine mapping requirements for transient and variable‑speed testing.
Test conditions
- Laboratory and site test conditions, engine intake air and exhaust restrictions, auxiliaries, cooling and lubrication considerations.
- Requirements for engines fitted with charge‑air cooling or exhaust after‑treatment systems.
Instrumentation and sampling
- Gas analyser validation, proportional flow control for batch sampling, PM sampling media preparation and tare weighing.
- Sampling system decontamination, contamination checks (e.g., HC), and calibration procedures.
Test run procedures
- Pre‑test preparation, engine start/restart rules, sequence for discrete, ramped and transient cycles, and post‑test verification.
Data evaluation and calculation
- Calculation of mass emissions for gaseous species and particulate matter, dry/wet corrections, humidity and temperature corrections for NO, cycle work and specific emissions, particle number evaluation and effective weighting for PM.
Special considerations
- Crankcase emissions, engines with regenerating emission controls, and applicability to non‑road equipment such as earth‑moving machines and generating sets.

Applications and users

ISO 8178-4:2020 is used by:

Engine manufacturers and OEMs for emissions design verification and development testing
Accredited emission test laboratories and dynamometer facilities
Regulatory and certification bodies for non‑road and stationary engine compliance assessments
Research institutions studying combustion, after‑treatment and particulate behaviour
Component and after‑treatment suppliers validating system performance under steady and transient driving/use cycles

Practical benefits include consistent, repeatable measurement methods, traceable PM and gaseous emission data, and harmonized test cycles that facilitate comparisons across engines and technologies.

Related standards

Part of the ISO 8178 series (other parts cover instrumentation, test procedures and reporting) and commonly used in conjunction with national/regional emissions regulations and laboratory accreditation standards.

Keywords: ISO 8178-4:2020, exhaust emission measurement, steady‑state and transient test cycles, reciprocating internal combustion engines, non‑road engines, dynamometer testing, particulate and gaseous emissions, NRTC, engine emissions testing.

Related standards

Mentioned in the description and other ISO standards

Abstract

Overview

Key topics and technical requirements

Test cycles and mapping
- Specification of steady‑state cycles (discrete mode, ramped‑modal) and transient cycles (including the Non‑Road Transient Cycle, NRTC, and LSI‑NRTC).
- Engine mapping requirements for transient and variable‑speed testing.
Test conditions
- Laboratory and site test conditions, engine intake air and exhaust restrictions, auxiliaries, cooling and lubrication considerations.
- Requirements for engines fitted with charge‑air cooling or exhaust after‑treatment systems.
Instrumentation and sampling
- Gas analyser validation, proportional flow control for batch sampling, PM sampling media preparation and tare weighing.
- Sampling system decontamination, contamination checks (e.g., HC), and calibration procedures.
Test run procedures
- Pre‑test preparation, engine start/restart rules, sequence for discrete, ramped and transient cycles, and post‑test verification.
Data evaluation and calculation
- Calculation of mass emissions for gaseous species and particulate matter, dry/wet corrections, humidity and temperature corrections for NO, cycle work and specific emissions, particle number evaluation and effective weighting for PM.
Special considerations
- Crankcase emissions, engines with regenerating emission controls, and applicability to non‑road equipment such as earth‑moving machines and generating sets.

Applications and users

ISO 8178-4:2020 is used by:

Engine manufacturers and OEMs for emissions design verification and development testing
Accredited emission test laboratories and dynamometer facilities
Regulatory and certification bodies for non‑road and stationary engine compliance assessments
Research institutions studying combustion, after‑treatment and particulate behaviour
Component and after‑treatment suppliers validating system performance under steady and transient driving/use cycles

Practical benefits include consistent, repeatable measurement methods, traceable PM and gaseous emission data, and harmonized test cycles that facilitate comparisons across engines and technologies.

Related standards

Part of the ISO 8178 series (other parts cover instrumentation, test procedures and reporting) and commonly used in conjunction with national/regional emissions regulations and laboratory accreditation standards.

ISO 8178-4:2020 PDF

Technical details

Abstract

Overview

Key topics and technical requirements

Applications and users

Related standards

Related standards

Abstract

Overview

Key topics and technical requirements

Applications and users

Related standards

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