ISO/IEC 14495-2:2003 PDF

Information technology — Lossless and near-lossless compression of continuous-tone still images: Extensions — Part 2:

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Title (English):

ISO/IEC 14495-2:2003

Information technology — Lossless and near-lossless compression of continuous-tone still images: Extensions — Part 2:

Document status:: Active
Format:: Electronic (PDF)
Number of pages:: 55
Publication date:: April 2, 2003
Edition:: ISO/IEC IS 14495 edition 2 version 1
ICS:: 35.040

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Description (English):

ISO/IEC 14495-2:2003 defines a set of lossless (bit-preserving) and nearly lossless (where the error for each reconstructed sample is bounded by a predefined value) compression methods for coding continuous-tone (including bi-level), gray-scale, or colour digital still images. ISO/IEC 14495-2:2003: specifies extensions (including arithmetic coding, extension of near lossless coding, extension of prediction and extension of Golomb coding) to processes for converting source image data to compressed image data; specifies extensions to processes for converting compressed image data to reconstructed image data including an extension for sample tranformation for inverse colour transforms; specifies coded representations for compressed image data; provides guidance on how to implement these processes in practice.

Technical details

Technical committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 - Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information
SKU: ISO/IEC 14495-2:2003

Abstract

Overview

ISO/IEC 14495-2:2003 specifies extensions to lossless and near‑lossless compression methods for continuous‑tone still images (including bi‑level, gray‑scale, and colour). Part 2 extends the baseline model with additional coding tools and operational modes - for example arithmetic coding, enhanced near‑lossless handling, extended prediction schemes, Golomb coding extensions, fixed‑length coding and sample transformations for inverse colour transforms. The standard also defines coded representations, compressed data formats and provides practical implementation guidance and conformance testing procedures.

Key topics and technical requirements

Extensions to encoding/decoding processes
- Arithmetic coding procedures and binary arithmetic encoder/decoder flows (Annexes A & B).
- Extensions to prediction algorithms including edge‑detecting predictors and prediction correction.
- Golomb coding extensions and run‑interruption handling.
Near‑lossless coding
- Methods where reconstruction error per sample is bounded by a predefined value; includes visual quantization and NEAR parameter handling.
Sample transformation
- Support for inverse colour transforms to map reconstructed samples back to original colour components.
Compressed data format and interchange
- Marker assignments, preset parameter syntax and minimum coded unit (MCU) handling for multi‑component images (Annex G).
Operational modes and coding options
- Line‑interleaved and sample‑interleaved modes, fixed‑length coding (FLC) and restart interval procedures.
Conformance and implementation
- Encoder and decoder conformance tests, test images and procedures (Annex I), plus patent and bibliographic references (Annexes J & K).
Guidance for implementers
- Detailed flow diagrams, initialization rules, context determination and update rules to support practical implementations.

Applications

ISO/IEC 14495-2:2003 is relevant for systems and applications that need efficient, bit‑preserving or bounded‑error compression of still images, including:

Medical imaging, remote sensing and archival systems that require lossless preservation.
Digital photography pipelines and scanners where near‑lossless tradeoffs reduce bitrate with controlled quality loss.
Imaging software libraries, codecs and hardware accelerators implementing JPEG‑LS style algorithms.
Interchange formats and storage systems that require standardized compressed representations and conformance testing.

Who should use this standard

Software and hardware codec developers implementing lossless/near‑lossless image compression.
System integrators building archival, medical or remote sensing imaging pipelines.
QA teams and standards bodies conducting conformance testing and interoperability validation.

Related standards

ISO/IEC 14495-1 (Baseline): foundational baseline specifications for lossless and near‑lossless compression.
Identical text published as ITU‑R Recommendation T.870 (as noted in the document).

Related standards

Mentioned in the description and other ISO standards

Abstract

Overview

Key topics and technical requirements

Extensions to encoding/decoding processes
- Arithmetic coding procedures and binary arithmetic encoder/decoder flows (Annexes A & B).
- Extensions to prediction algorithms including edge‑detecting predictors and prediction correction.
- Golomb coding extensions and run‑interruption handling.
Near‑lossless coding
- Methods where reconstruction error per sample is bounded by a predefined value; includes visual quantization and NEAR parameter handling.
Sample transformation
- Support for inverse colour transforms to map reconstructed samples back to original colour components.
Compressed data format and interchange
- Marker assignments, preset parameter syntax and minimum coded unit (MCU) handling for multi‑component images (Annex G).
Operational modes and coding options
- Line‑interleaved and sample‑interleaved modes, fixed‑length coding (FLC) and restart interval procedures.
Conformance and implementation
- Encoder and decoder conformance tests, test images and procedures (Annex I), plus patent and bibliographic references (Annexes J & K).
Guidance for implementers
- Detailed flow diagrams, initialization rules, context determination and update rules to support practical implementations.

Applications

ISO/IEC 14495-2:2003 is relevant for systems and applications that need efficient, bit‑preserving or bounded‑error compression of still images, including:

Medical imaging, remote sensing and archival systems that require lossless preservation.
Digital photography pipelines and scanners where near‑lossless tradeoffs reduce bitrate with controlled quality loss.
Imaging software libraries, codecs and hardware accelerators implementing JPEG‑LS style algorithms.
Interchange formats and storage systems that require standardized compressed representations and conformance testing.

Who should use this standard

Software and hardware codec developers implementing lossless/near‑lossless image compression.
System integrators building archival, medical or remote sensing imaging pipelines.
QA teams and standards bodies conducting conformance testing and interoperability validation.

Related standards

ISO/IEC 14495-1 (Baseline): foundational baseline specifications for lossless and near‑lossless compression.
Identical text published as ITU‑R Recommendation T.870 (as noted in the document).

ISO/IEC 14495-2:2003 PDF

Technical details

Abstract

Overview

Key topics and technical requirements

Applications

Who should use this standard

Related standards

Related standards

Abstract

Overview

Key topics and technical requirements

Applications

Who should use this standard

Related standards

Related standards

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