Overview
ISO/IEC 23090-5:2025 - third edition - is an international standard for the coded representation of immersive visual volumetric media. Commonly referenced by its keywords V3C (Visual Volumetric Video-based Coding) and V‑PCC (Video‑based Point Cloud Compression), the document specifies the syntax, semantics, and decoding procedures for visual volumetric media encoded with video‑based methods. It also defines processes that support reconstruction of volumetric content, including post‑decoding, pre‑reconstruction, post‑reconstruction, and adaptation steps.
Key Topics and Technical Requirements
- Bitstream format and partitioning: Defines V3C bitstream layouts, NAL (Network Abstraction Layer) unit formats, atlas frame partitioning into tiles, and sub‑bitstream extraction processes.
- Syntax and semantics: Tabular syntax specification for V3C units, parameter sets, NAL units, atlas tile data, and supplemental enhancement information, with corresponding semantic descriptions.
- Decoding and reconstruction: Detailed decoding pipeline for atlas data, occupancy, geometry, attribute, and packed video planes; processes for patch handling, block-to-patch mapping, and tile/header decoding.
- Supporting processes: Specification of pre‑reconstruction, post‑decoding conversion to nominal video formats, adaptation, and parsing behaviors (e.g., Exp‑Golomb code parsing).
- Profiles, tiers, and levels: Normative profiles and level definitions to ensure interoperability across devices and applications (Annex A).
- Video-based Point Cloud Compression (V‑PCC): Normative annex (Annex H) covers V‑PCC specifics for compressing point cloud data using video approaches.
- Reference tools and examples: Annexes include sample stream formats, hypothetical reference decoders, and supplemental enhancement information to guide implementers.
Practical Applications and Who Uses It
ISO/IEC 23090-5:2025 is intended for organizations working with immersive 3D content, including:
- Codec and encoder/decoder developers implementing V3C and V‑PCC compliant codecs.
- Device manufacturers (VR/AR headsets, mixed‑reality displays, mobile devices) ensuring playback interoperability.
- Streaming platforms and CDN providers delivering volumetric video for real‑time or on‑demand experiences.
- Game studios, telepresence and conferencing vendors, 3D capture and scanning companies using volumetric media for performance capture, digital twins, and interactive content.
- Archivists and media production houses preserving and distributing 3D scene data efficiently.
Related Standards (if applicable)
- ISO/IEC 23090 series - other parts cover different aspects of immersive media representation and system-level integration.
- Standards and profiles referenced within the document (normative references) provide interoperability and implementation context.
Keywords: ISO/IEC 23090-5:2025, V3C, V‑PCC, volumetric video, video-based point cloud compression, visual volumetric media, atlas, NAL, decoding, reconstruction, immersive media.
Open preview (PDF)Information technology — Coded representation of immersive media — Part 5: Visual volumetric video-based coding (V3C) and video-based point cloud compression (V-PCC)
